|
| immigrant = * Russian * Berber * Turkish * Kurdish * Arabic * Hindi/Urdu * Chinese * Tamil | foreign = * English * French * German * Spanish * Russian * Italian | sign = | keyboard = | keyboard image = | source = }} The languages of the European Union are languages used by people within the member states of the European Union. They include the twenty-four official languages of the European Union along with a range of others. The EU asserts that it is in favour of linguistic diversity. In the European Union, language policy is the responsibility of member states and EU does not have a common language policy; European Union institutions play a supporting role in this field, based on the principle of "subsidiarity", they promote a European dimension in the member states' language policies. The EU encourages all its citizens to be multilingual; specifically, it encourages them to be able to speak two languages in addition to their native language.〔(【引用サイトリンク】format=PDF )〕 Though the EU has very limited influence in this area as the content of educational systems is the responsibility of individual member states, a number of EU funding programmes actively promote language learning and linguistic diversity.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=EUROPA – Education and Training – Action Plan Promoting language learning and linguistic diversity )〕 The most widely spoken language in the EU is English, which is understood by 51% of all adults, while German is the most widely used mother tongue, spoken by 18%. All 24 official languages of the EU are accepted as working languages, but in practice only two – English and French – are in wide general use and of these English is the more commonly used. French is an official language in all three of the cities that are political centres of the Union: Brussels (Belgium), Strasbourg (France) and Luxembourg city (Luxembourg). Basque, Catalan, and Galician are among regional languages that are not official working languages of the EU. ==Official EU languages== , the official languages of the European Union, as stipulated in the latest amendment of ''Regulation No 1 determining the languages to be used by the European Economic Community'' of 1958, are:〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://ec.europa.eu/education/languages/languages-of-europe/doc135_en.htm )〕 The number of member states exceeds the number of official languages, as several national languages are shared by two or more countries in the EU. Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, and Swedish are all official languages at the national level in multiple countries (see table above). In addition, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Slovak, and Slovene / Slovenian are official languages in multiple EU countries at the regional level. Furthermore, not all national languages have been accorded the status of official EU languages. These include Luxembourgish, an official language of Luxembourg since 1984, and Turkish, an official language of Cyprus. All languages of the EU are also working languages.〔 Documents which a member state or a person subject to the jurisdiction of a member state sends to institutions of the Community may be drafted in any one of the official languages selected by the sender. The reply is drafted in the same language. Regulations and other documents of general application are drafted in the twenty-four official languages. The ''Official Journal of the European Union'' is published in the twenty-four official languages. Legislation and documents of major public importance or interest are produced in all official languages, but that accounts for a minority of the institutions′ work. Other documents—e.g., communications with the national authorities, decisions addressed to particular individuals or entities and correspondence—are translated only into the languages needed. For internal purposes the EU institutions are allowed by law to choose their own language arrangements. The European Commission, for example, conducts its internal business in three languages, English, French, and German (sometimes called "procedural languages"), and goes fully multilingual only for public information and communication purposes. The European Parliament, on the other hand, has members who need working documents in their own languages, so its document flow is fully multilingual from the outset.〔(Europa:Languages and Europe. FAQ: Is every document generated by the EU translated into all the official languages? ), ''Europa'' portal. Retrieved 6 February 2007.〕 Non-institutional EU bodies are not legally obliged to make language arrangement for all the 24 languages (''Kik v. Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market'', (Case C-361/01 ), 2003 ECJ I-8283). The linguistic translations are expensive. According to the EU's English-language website,〔(Europa:Languages and Europe. FAQ: What does the EU's policy of multilingualism cost? ), ''Europa'' portal. Retrieved 6 February 2007.〕 the cost of maintaining the institutions’ policy of multilingualism—i.e., the cost of translation and interpretation—was €1,123 million in 2005, which is 1% of the annual general budget of the EU, or €2.28 per person per year. The EU Parliament has made clear that its member states have autonomy for language education, which by treaty the European Community must respect. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Languages of the European Union」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|